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1996-05-10
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INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THIS DOCUMENT AND ANY SOFTWARE THAT MAY ACCOMPANY
THIS DOCUMENT (collectively referred to as an Application Note) IS PROVIDED
"AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
AND/OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. The user assumes the entire risk
as to the accuracy and the use of this Application Note. This Application
Note may be copied and distributed subject to the following conditions: 1)
All text must be copied without modification and all pages must be
included; 2) If software is included, all files on the disk(s) must be
copied without modification (the MS-DOS® utility diskcopy is appropriate
for this purpose); 3) All components of this Application Note must be
distributed together; and 4) This Application Note may not be distributed
for profit.
Copyright © 1995
Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Microsoft, MS-DOS, MSN, Windows and Windows NT are either registered
trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the U.S. and/or other
countries. America Online is a registered trademark of America Online, Inc.
Macintosh is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. CompuServe is a
registered trademark of CompuServe, Inc.
This document was
created using Microsoft Word for Windows(.
Microsoft Word Macro Virus Protection Tool Readme
May 10, 1996
Please read this entire document for important information about the Macro
Virus Protection tool, including problems you may encounter when running
it.
Contents:
1. Installing the Macro Virus Protection Tool
2. Removing the Macro Virus Protection Tool Macros
3. Common Questions About the Macro Virus Protection Tool
4. Common Questions About Macro Viruses
5. Integrating the Protection Macros With Existing User Macros
Installing the Macro Virus Protection Tool
The Macro Virus Protection tool includes two files:
scanprot.dot The template which sets up the protection macros on
the userΓÇÖs machine
readme.doc This file, which provides information about the tool and
its operation
To install the Macro Virus Protection tool, use WordΓÇÖs File Open command to
open scanprot.dot. The protection tool will be automatically installed, and
will prompt you for any additional input required.
This installation procedure is the same whether you run Word as a single-
user setup, as a workstation install from the network, or if Word is run
from the network directly. In particular, since the setup requires
changing the usersΓÇÖ Normal template on the local machine, there is no
shortcut method of installing the protection macros on a large number of
machines. The macro must be run on each desktop which is to be protected
against macro viruses.
If for any reason you need to re-install the protection tool, follow these
steps:
1. Bring up the list of macros by selecting the Tools Macro command.
If a macro called InstVer appears in the list, select it and press
the Delete button.
2. Open the scanprot.dot template using File Open.
3. The Warning alert will be displayed. Choose ΓÇ£NoΓÇ¥ so that the
protection tool setup will run.
Now the protection tool will be re-installed completely.
Removing the Macro Virus Protection Tool Macros
To completely remove the Macro Virus Protection Tool, choose Macro from the
Tools menu. Select the AutoExit macro and press the Delete button. Repeat
this procedure to also delete the following macros: FileOpen, ShellOpen,
and InstVer. This will remove macro virus protection from your system.
Common Questions About the Macro Virus Protection Tool
Q: What are macro viruses?
A: Macro viruses are a new type of virus that use an applicationΓÇÖs own
macro programming language to distribute themselves. Unlike previous
viruses, macro viruses do not infect programs; they infect documents. For
more information about macro viruses, see the section below on ΓÇ£Common
Questions About Macro Viruses.ΓÇ¥
Q: What is the Macro Virus Protection tool?
A: The Macro Virus Protection tool is a free tool that installs a set of
protective macros which detect suspicious Word files and alert customers to
the potential risk of opening files with macros. Upon being alerted, users
are given the choice of opening the file without executing the macros,
thereby ensuring that no viruses are transmitted. Although the primary
purpose of the Macro Virus Protection tool is to alert users to the
existence of macros in their documents and allow then to open their
documents without macros, the tool also contains an updated version of the
scanning code for the Concept virus and can be used to scan your hard disk
for Word files that contain the Concept virus.
Q: How does this new tool work?
A: The Macro Virus Protection tool installs a set of protective macros
into the userΓÇÖs Normal template. If the user opens a document containing
macros, the protective macros are activated and the user is alerted to the
potential risk of opening files containing macros. The user is given the
choice of opening the file without executing the macros, opening the file
as is, or canceling the file open operation. Opening the file without
macros ensures that macro viruses are not transmitted and does not affect
the content of the document. Unless the user can verify that the macros
contained in the document will not cause damage, Microsoft recommends
opening the file without macros.
Q: What does the Macro Virus Protection tool protect against?
A: The Macro Virus Protection tool is a general alerting mechanism that
will alert users to any macros found in a document. Although the tool
scans for the Concept virus, its primary purpose is not to detect or repair
specific viruses, but to alert users to the fact that they are opening a
document which contains macros and that these macros could contain viruses.
Users are able to protect themselves against macro viruses by opening the
file without the macros.
Q: Does the Macro Virus Protection tool change my files?
A: Upon installation, the tool offers to scan for any files which contain
the Concept virus. If any infected files are found, the Concept virus is
deleted from them and the files are re-saved. After the tool is installed,
if a document with macros is opened, the protection alert is displayed. If
a user cancels the File Open operation, or chooses ΓÇ£No,ΓÇ¥ then nothing in
the file is changed and the operation continues as if the tool were not
installed. If the user chooses ΓÇ£YesΓÇ¥ and opens the file without the
macros, a new document containing all of the documentΓÇÖs content but none of
its macros is created. The user can choose to save this new document with
the same name as the original (thus overwriting the original and
permanently removing the macros), or they can close the new document
without saving, to preserve the macros.
Q: What is the difference between the Macro Virus Protection tool and
Scan831.doc?
A: Scan831.doc is a tool that Microsoft made available to customers to
allow them to scan and remove the Concept virus from their Word files.
Since the release of Scan831.doc, all of the major anti-virus vendors have
either shipped or committed to shipping tools which detect the Concept
virus. Although the Macro Virus Protection tool includes an updated
version of the Scan831 scanning code, its primary function is to alert
users to the existence of macros in their documents and allow then to open
their documents without macros.
Q: Are there any known limitations of the Macro Virus Protection Tool?
A: The Protection Tool works by trapping File Open operations. There are
some methods of opening files that the tool cannot trap. If a user opens
an infected document using one of these techniques, they will not be
protected. Microsoft recommends avoiding opening documents in the
following manner unless the user is certain that the document is virus
free. The methods which bypass the Protection Tool include:
ΓÇó Selecting an item from the Most Recently Used files list on the
File menu.
ΓÇó Dragging a document and dropping it on the Word application window.
• In the version for the Macintosh®, double-clicking on a Word file
in the Finder.
• In the version for Windows® 95 or Window NT™, double-clicking on
desktop scraps.
ΓÇó In the version of Word 6.0 for Windows or Windows NT, opening files
through Find File.
ΓÇó In the version for the Macintosh, choosing a file from the FinderΓÇÖs
Recent Files menu.
Q: Which versions of Microsoft Word does the tool run on?
A: The tool works with Word 6.0 for Windows 3.1, Word 6.0.1 for the
Macintosh, Word 6.0 for Windows NT, Word for Windows 95 and Windows NT.
Q: Does the tool work for international versions of Microsoft Word?
A: International versions of the tool exist and users should download the
appropriate tool based on the international version they are using. The
tool exists for the following international languages: English, German,
French, Italian, Spanish, Swedish, Dutch, Brazilian, Danish, Norwegian,
Portuguese, Finish Greek, Russian, Hungarian, Polish, Czech, Turkish and
Slovenian. International versions of the tool can be found on the
Microsoft web site.
Q: Where can I get the Macro Virus Protection tool?
A: The tool can be downloaded from the following on-line services:
ΓÇó The Microsoft World Wide Web site at http://www.microsoft.com/msoffice
ΓÇó MSNΓäó, The Microsoft Network using go word: macrovirustool
• The Word forums on other on-line services such as CompuServe® and
America Online®
ΓÇó Customers can also get the tool by calling Microsoft's Product Support
Services at 206-462-9673 for Word for Windows, and 206-635-7200 for
Word for the Macintosh; or by sending Internet email to
wordinfo@microsoft.com
Q: How will you distribute updates to the tool?
A: Any updates which become necessary will be distributed on the following
on-line services:
ΓÇó The Microsoft World Wide Web site at http://www.microsoft.com/msoffice
ΓÇó MSNΓäó, The Microsoft Network
• The Word forums on other on-line services such as CompuServe® and
America Online®
ΓÇó Microsoft's Product Support Services at 206-462-9673 for Word for
Windows, and 206-635-7200 for Word for the Macintosh; or by sending
Internet email to wordinfo@microsoft.com
Common Questions About Macro Viruses
Q: Does a box of Word or Office that I buy in the store contain macro
viruses?
A: Macro viruses do not exist in any version of Word or Office that you
would get in a store. You can only get macro viruses by opening a Word
document or template that already contains the macro virus.
Q: Can macro viruses be transferred with documents created with or being
read by Internet Assistant?
A: Internet Assistant and documents created or read by it cannot be
affected. Internet Assistant blocks the mechanism that distributes this
type of macro.
Q: Can macro viruses be transferred with documents created with or being
read by WordMail?
A: Word cannot send or receive this type of macro as a WordMail message.
However, like many email editors, WordMail supports file attachments. If an
infected document is sent as a file attachment, you can get infected when
you open such an attachment.
Q: Can macro viruses be transferred by documents being read with the Word
Viewer?
A: Since the Microsoft Word Viewer cannot save documents, it is unable to
transmit macro viruses.
Common Questions About the Concept Virus
Q: What is the Concept virus (also known as the Prank Macro)?
A: The Concept virus is a macro virus which, once it installs itself, only
lets you save documents as templates. The macro does not cause data loss or
any other serious system, but it will replicate and distribute itself
through Word documents. The first time you open a document containing the
macro you will see a dialog box that only contains the number "1" and an
"OK" button. You can also verify whether or not the macro is installed by
selecting the "Macro" command from the "Tools" menu -- if the list contains
the following macros: AAAZAO and AAAZFS it has been installed.
Q: Does the Macro Virus Protection Tool protect me against the Concept
virus?
A: Yes. Upon installation, the tool scans for the Concept virus. If it
finds the Concept virus, it deletes it and installs protective macros to
prevent the Concept virus from installing in the future. The tool, however,
does not detect infected files that are embedded in other OLE files or your
mail file. Contact your Anti Virus vendor for an updated version of their
scanning tools.
Common Questions About the Nuclear Virus
Q:What is the Nuclear virus?
A: The nuclear virus is the only macro virus currently known to cause
damage to your print outs and DOS system files. It uses the following
macro names:
AutoExec
AutoOpen
DropSuriv
FileExit
FilePrint
FilePrintDefault
FileSaveAs
InsertPayload
Payload
Possible damage:
ΓÇó If you open the document between 55 seconds and the next minute, any
print job will have the text STOP ALL FRENCH NUCLEAR TESTING IN THE
PACIFIC! appended to it.
ΓÇó If you open the document between 5 and 6 PM, it will attempt to
infect your machine with the ph33r virus. This part is not damaging
however, because it installs a Terminate and Stay Resident (TSR)
program in a DOS session that ceases to exist when the macro finishes.
ΓÇó On April 5 of any year, io.sys and msdos.sys are zeroed out, and
command.com is deleted from your root directory. DOS can no longer
boot, and presumably, by zeroing out the crucial files, won't notify
you that DOS is gone at boot time.
Q: Does the Macro Virus Protection tool protect me against the Nuclear
virus?
A: The macro virus protection tool alerts users any time a document
containing macros is opened. Since the Nuclear virus is spread through
macros, users will be alerted when they try and open a document containing
the Nuclear virus. Users can protect themselves from the Nuclear virus by
choosing to open the file without macros.
Common Questions About the DMV Virus
Q:What is the DMV virus?
A: This virus is very similar to the Concept virus. Instead of using
AutoOpen to start the replication it uses AutoClose to install the virus in
the userΓÇÖs Normal (Global) template. Other than replicating itself and
changing the FileSave As command, it does not do any harm.
Q: Does the Macro Virus Protection tool protect me against the DMV virus?
A: The macro virus protection tool alerts users anytime a document
containing macros is opened. Since the DMV virus is spread through macros,
users will be alerted when they try and open a document containing the DMV
virus. Users can protect themselves from the DMV virus by choosing to open
the file without macros.
Integrating the Protection Macros With Existing User Macros
In order to ensure strong anti-virus protection, the Macro Virus Protection
tool will disable certain user macros when the tool is installed. Because
of the wide variety of user macros and the potential that they could be
infected with a virus, it is not possible for the tool to automatically
detect ΓÇ£goodΓÇ¥ user macros, and merge them in so that they coexist with the
Protection tool.
This section describes how you can integrate any desired user macros with
the macros that the Macro Virus Protection tool provides. This is a
technical process which requires knowledge of WordBasic. If you do not
have the technical skills required to complete this integration, then you
have three options:
ΓÇó Keep the Macro Virus Protection Tool installed, and do without the
functionality that the conflicting user macros provided.
ΓÇó Remove the Macro Virus Protection tool and reinstall your original
user macros, and do without the anti-virus protection
functionality.
ΓÇó Seek technical assistance for the problem, either from your
internal help desk, knowledgeable in-house WordBasic users or the
original author of the user macros. They should all be able to
follow the instructions below to solve the problem.
General Information
Q: What macros are installed when the Macro Virus Protection tool is run
and what happens if macros with the same name already exist?
A: During setup, the Macro virus Protection tool installs the following
macros to the userΓÇÖs Normal template: AutoExit, FileOpen, InstVer, and
ShellOpen. If an AutoExit or FileOpen macro already exists, Setup renames
the original macros by appending User to the end of the macro name. For
example ΓÇ£FileOpenΓÇ¥ becomes ΓÇ£FileOpenUserΓÇ¥.
Q: How can I tell if I need to do any macro integration work?
A: When ScanProt installs, it will look for FileOpen and AutoExit macros
in your Normal template. If it finds FileOpen, it will display the message
ΓÇ£Your FileOpen macro has been renamed to FileOpenUserΓÇ¥. You will see a
similar message for AutoExit. If you want to know whether this will happen
before installing ScanProt, choose the Macro command on the Tools menu and
look through the names of the macros in the Macro Name list. If FileOpen
or AutoExit appears in the list, then you will have some macro integration
to do. If you have already installed ScanProt and are unsure whether it
renamed FileOpen and AutoExit, look in the Macro Name list for FileOpenUser
and/or AutoExitUser. In addition, if you have any custom templates that
have their own AutoExit or FileOpen macros, then you will have some macro
integration to do.
Q: Is it always possible for me to integrate my existing macros with the
protection macros?
A: Not always. If any of the user macros are execute-only macros, then
you will not be able to integrate the existing macros with the protection
macros. To determine if your macros are execute-only macros, follow these
steps:
1. Choose the Macro command on the Tools menu.
2. Select each of the xxxxUser macros in turn.
3. As you select each macro, look to see whether the ΓÇ£EditΓÇ¥ button
becomes disabled. If the ΓÇ£EditΓÇ¥ button becomes disabled when you
select one of the xxxxUser macros, it means that that macro is an
execute-only macro and it cannot be integrated with the protection
macro in its present state.
If the macros are execute-only, customers have two options: They can
either 1)contact the author/vendor of the original macros and ask for
editable versions of the macros or for a new version of the execute-only
macros which are integrated with the protection tool, or 2) decide to
install the protection tool macros and forgo the features of the original
macros or vice versa.
Specific Information
If youΓÇÖve gotten to this point in the instructions, then youΓÇÖve determined
that the Macro Virus Protection tool has renamed at least one of your user
macros, and that none of the renamed user macros are execute-only macros.
Depending on which user macros have been renamed, you will have to follow
different steps. The two sets of steps are described below.
Integrating with FileOpen
The FileOpen code that the Macro Virus Protection Tool installs simply
makes a call into the ShellOpen macro. Therefore, in order to integrate
your code in the FileOpenUser macro, you need to copy and paste the
appropriate code into the ShellOpen macro (instead of the FileOpen macro.)
Examine the code in your FileOpenUser macro and determine which parts of
the code are to run before the actual FileOpen operation, and which parts
of the code should run after the FileOpen operation. Once you determine
which code goes before and which code goes after, you need to copy and
paste the ΓÇ£beforeΓÇ¥ code, into the ShellOpen macro at the first point in the
ShellOpen code where the comment reads ΓÇ£INSERT YOUR CODE HERE.ΓÇ¥ Then copy
and paste the ΓÇ£afterΓÇ¥ code at the second point in the ShellOpen code where
the comment reads ΓÇ£INSERT YOUR CODE HERE.ΓÇ¥ Note that copying your macro
code into other points in the macro could cause the protection macros to
lose their protection capabilities. In many cases you will have to do
additional coding or bug fixing to make the integration seamless, but the
steps above give the general guidelines to follow.
IMPORTANT: The steps above will let you integrate with any custom FileOpen
macro you might have had in the Normal template. However, you also need to
integrate with your custom templates that have FileOpen macros in them.
Completing this procedure involves 1) copying the ShellOpen macro from the
Normal template to each of your custom templates which contain FileOpen
macros, 2) integrating the existing FileOpen macro in the template with the
ShellOpen macro you just copied into the template, and 3) copying over the
original FileOpen macro in your template with the FileOpen macro from your
Normal template. If you do not complete these steps on a template which
contains a FileOpen macro, then a macro virus could escape detection when a
user does a File Open operation when the active document is either the
template with the FileOpen macro or a document attached to that template.
Integrating with AutoExit
To integrate with the AutoExit macro, you need to examine the code in your
AutoExitUser macro and determine which parts of the code are to run before
the actual FileExit operation, and which parts of the code should run after
the FileExit operation. Once you determine which code goes before and
which code goes after, you need to copy the ΓÇ£beforeΓÇ¥ code, and paste it
into the AutoExit macro at the first point in the AutoExit code where the
comment reads ΓÇ£INSERT YOUR CODE HERE.ΓÇ¥ Next copy and paste the ΓÇ£afterΓÇ¥
code at the second point in the AutoExit code where the comment reads
ΓÇ£INSERT YOUR CODE HERE.ΓÇ¥ Note that copying your macro code into other
points in the macro could cause the protection macros to lose their
protection capabilities. In many cases you will have to do additional
coding or bug fixing to make the integration seamless, but the steps above
give the general guidelines to follow.
Once you have completed all of your macro integration, you can delete all
of the xxxxUser macros in the Normal template, since they wonΓÇÖt actually
ever get called.